Συντάχθηκε 13-01-2016 09:17
από Dorothea Fragomichelaki
Email συντάκτη: dfragomichelaki<στο>tuc.gr
Ενημερώθηκε:
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Ιδιότητα: υπάλληλος ΜΠΔ.
ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑΣΗ ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗΣ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗΣ
Υποψήφια Διδάκτωρ: Γεωργία Μακρίδου
Θέμα Διδακτορικής Διατριβής: ENERGY EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES AND INDUSTRIES
Ημερομηνία: 15/1/2016, 10:30, Αίθουσα Σεμιναρίων της Σχολής (Δ3.004)
Επταμελής Εξεταστική Επιτροπή:
Δούμπος Μιχάλης, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, Σχολή Μηχανικών Παραγωγής και Διοίκησης, Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης, (επιβλέπων)
Ζοπουνίδης Κωνσταντίνος, Καθηγητής, Σχολή Μηχανικών Παραγωγής και Διοίκησης, Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης, (μέλος τριμελούς συμβουλευτικής επιτροπής)
Ανδριοσόπουλος Κώστας, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, ESCP Europe Business School, London, UK, (μέλος τριμελούς συμβουλευτικής επιτροπής)
Μέλλιος Κώστας, Καθηγητής, Sorbonne Management School, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris
Ατσαλάκης Γεώργιος, Επίκουρος Καθηγητής, Σχολή Μηχανικών Παραγωγής και Διοίκησης, Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης
Γαγάνης Χρυσοβαλάντης, Επίκουρος Καθηγητής, Τμήμα Οικονομικών Επιστημών, Πανεπιστήμιο Κρήτης
Παπαευθυμίου Σπύρος, Επίκουρος Καθηγητής, Σχολή Μηχανικών Παραγωγής και Διοίκησης, Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης
Περίληψη
Energy efficiency is considered an essential component of sustainable development policies, which seeks to achieve a well-balanced trade-off between economic growth and competitiveness, energy security, and environmental sustainability.
Finding ways to evaluate and explain energy efficiency performance can contribute significantly to its improvement and thus move the world towards a more sustainable energy future. In pursuing this goal, this thesis performs econometric/statistical approaches, multicriteria decision aiding methods, multilevel models as well as efficiency analysis techniques for the energy efficiency analysis. In particular, the aim of this research is the evaluation of energy efficiency in 26 EU countries and ten industrial sectors in 23 EU countries over the period 2000-10 and 2000-09, respectively.
In the first stage of analysis in which the energy efficiency in 26 EU countries is evaluated, we follow a two-stage approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multicriteria Decision Aiding approach (MCDA). The proposed approach considers energy efficiency in a multidimensional context, combining multiple energy consumption data, economic outputs and structural indicators. Firstly, DEA is employed under different modeling settings over the period 2000–10 to measure the relative efficiency of the countries and facilitate the identification of the sources of inefficiencies. Then, the DEA efficiency classifications are used as inputs to a MCDA approach constructing an operational model that combines energy efficiency with economic and environmental indicators. The proposed two-stage DEA/MCDA approach can be easily used for benchmarking purposes, allowing for the formulation of a complete ranking of all countries under consideration, as well as the monitoring of the performance of a country over time using data solely at the country level, without having to resort to relative assessments in comparison to data from a set of peer countries.
The results of the empirical analysis indicate that despite the considerable improvements achieved in terms of energy intensity, a more refined view of energy consumption and economic activity data shows that there is still much to be done to improve the actual energy efficiency of European countries. Additionally, the economic crisis of the past few years has had negative effects on energy efficiency. Furthermore, it is has been found that for European countries, the effect due to the consideration of the structure of their economic activity is stronger than the effect due to the introduction of a breakdown by their energy mix. Taking into account the results of this study, policy makers could identify the main steps that should be implemented to improve the country’s energy efficiency. For example, the finding that service-oriented economies are more efficient than industry-oriented ones or the fact that renewable energy sources should gradually displace fossil fuels could help regulators design policies to support certain sectors of the economy or certain energy sources with the aim to improving energy efficiency.
Next, we extend our research to evaluating the energy efficiency trends of ten energy-intensive industries in 23 EU countries over the period 2000–09. Specifically, the performance of the construction, electricity, mining and quarrying, transport, food and tobacco, textiles and leather, pulp and paper, coke and chemicals, other non-metallic mineral and fabricated metal, machinery and equipment is examined. In the first stage, the DEA combined with the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is performed to identify the energy efficiency trends and distinguish between the effects of efficiency and technology changes. In the second stage of our analysis, a two-level cross-classified multilevel modeling is applied to analyse the main drivers behind efficiency performance using a number of sector- and country- characteristics. In particular, the country-level factors include the market share of the largest generator in the electricity market, the energy taxes and electricity prices. For cross-sector differences the examined variables include the contribution of a sector’s gross value added to the total gross value of a country, the energy mix, the share of fossil fuels in total gross energy consumption, the real fixed capital stock to gross value added, the real fixed capital stock to number of employees and the productivity defined as the gross value added divided by the total hours worked by employees. The DEA results show that the pulp and coke are the most inefficient sectors, on average. Regarding the decomposition of the MPI, technology change is mainly responsible for the improvements achieved in most of the sectors. The two-level cross-classified model shows that the combination of sector and country levels is the most relevant in explaining the energy efficiency variance. It also shows that energy efficiency is higher for sectors that contribute more to the overall economic activity of a country (high contribution of sector value added to the total of the economy), as well as in a country with a diversified energy mix, and open and competitive energy production market.
Overall, the evaluation models that are developed through this research are of major practical usefulness for monitoring, benchmarking and policy planning purposes. Furthermore, the conclusions of this research can help policy makers take effective policy decisions for energy efficiency improvement at both the country and industry level.
